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What is an implication graph in a satisfiability solver?

  • A.A diagram of the clause set's structure before solving
  • B.A graph whose nodes are clauses and edges resolutions
  • C.A record of which assignments forced which others
  • D.A graph of the implications appearing in the formula

Answer: C

Each propagated assignment is recorded with the clause that forced it, and when a conflict arises the graph is analysed backwards to find the decisions responsible. That analysis produces the learned clause. Formula structure and resolution graphs are different objects. Keeping a record of why each step was taken, so that a failure can be diagnosed rather than merely detected, is the same principle as a truth maintenance system's justifications. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.

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