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Who has suggested "Minimum, middling and maximum" theories of reference service ?

  • A.Samuel Green
  • B.Dr. S.R. Ranganathan
  • C.S. Rothstein
  • D.F.W. Lancaster

Answer: C

The minimum, middling and maximum theories of reference service were put forward by S. Rothstein.

Samuel Rothstein described three levels of reference service: minimum, where the librarian only helps users find material for themselves; middling, a moderate level of personal help; and maximum, where the librarian supplies the information itself. They parallel James Wyer's earlier conservative, moderate and liberal theories.

Samuel Green's 1876 paper argued for personal relations between librarians and readers, the start of reference service, but did not name these theories. Ranganathan defined reference service as a personal service, and F.W. Lancaster is known for work on information retrieval and its evaluation.

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