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Why do random restarts sometimes fail even after many attempts?

  • A.Hill climbing cannot reach any optimum in a rugged landscape
  • B.The objective function changes between successive restarts
  • C.The basin of the global optimum may be extremely small
  • D.Restarts always begin from the same initial configuration

Answer: C

If the global optimum is reached from only a tiny fraction of starting points, the expected number of restarts becomes impractically large however cheap each one is. Methods that cross between basins, such as annealing or crossover, are then needed. Starting points are random by construction, climbing reaches some optimum every time, and the objective is fixed. Estimating the probability of success per attempt is what turns a hopeful strategy into a calculable one.

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