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Why is a hydroxyl stretch broad rather than sharp?

  • A.The instrument cannot resolve it any better
  • B.Hydrogen bonding varies from molecule to molecule
  • C.The oxygen-hydrogen bond has a low force constant
  • D.The band overlaps several carbon-hydrogen bands

Answer: B

Each hydroxyl group experiences a slightly different degree of hydrogen bonding, and each degree corresponds to a slightly different frequency, so the observed band is the sum of many. The force constant is high, not low, which is why the band sits at 3300 in the first place. Overlap and resolution are not the cause. That a band's width can report on intermolecular interaction is a second channel of information beyond its position. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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