Discussion
Which atmospheric species most commonly leave residual bands in a spectrum?
Answer: B
Water vapour and carbon dioxide both absorb strongly in the mid infrared and both vary with the room's conditions, so a background recorded minutes earlier no longer matches. Nitrogen, oxygen and the noble gases are infrared inactive. The remedy is purging with dry nitrogen or recording the background immediately before the sample, and recognising the characteristic sharp structure near 3700 and 2350 prevents it being mistaken for the sample's. The quantity that varies and the quantity that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.
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