Discussion
A spectrum shows a broad band at 3300 and a strong one at 1710. What is indicated?
Answer: C
A very broad hydroxyl stretch together with a carbonyl is the signature of a carboxylic acid, whose hydrogen-bonded dimer gives an exceptionally wide band from about 3300 down to 2500. A ketone would show the carbonyl alone, an alcohol the hydroxyl alone, and an aromatic hydrocarbon neither. Reading two bands together rather than one at a time is what distinguishes a functional group from a mere pair of features. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.
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