Discussion
A spectrum shows strong bands at 1770 and 1710 with no hydroxyl. What is indicated?
Answer: A
Two carbonyl bands separated by about sixty reciprocal centimetres, with no hydroxyl stretch, is the classic anhydride pattern arising from symmetric and asymmetric stretching of the coupled pair. An acid would show the broad hydroxyl, an ester one carbonyl near 1735, and an amide one near 1650. A band count as well as a band position is what makes this assignment unambiguous, and it is why the number of features is always worth noting explicitly. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.
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