Discussion
Why does an attenuated total reflectance objective improve spatial resolution?
Answer: A
Inside a high-index crystal the wavelength is shorter by the refractive index, so the diffraction limit is correspondingly finer - a germanium crystal of index four improves it fourfold. The shallow penetration limits depth rather than lateral resolution, and neither compression nor detector position is the mechanism. Working in a medium where the wavelength is shorter is the same trick immersion microscopy uses in the visible.
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