Discussion
Consider the following pairs of crystal material and its distinguishing property.
Germanium - Highest refractive index in practical use
Diamond - Greatest hardness and chemical resistance
Zinc selenide - Wide range at moderate cost
Sodium chloride - Ideal for aqueous samples
How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Answer: A
The first three are correct and the fourth is badly wrong: sodium chloride dissolves in water, which is why infrared work with aqueous samples is so awkward and why attenuated total reflectance with a diamond or zinc selenide crystal is used instead. That the cheapest and most transparent window material is unusable with the most important solvent is one of the defining practical constraints of the technique.
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