Discussion
In an extra high voltage overhead transmission line earth wire is provided to protect the line against :
Answer: C
The earth wire protects the line against lightning surges.
The overhead earth (shield or ground) wire is strung along the tops of the towers, above the phase conductors, and earthed at every tower. A lightning stroke that would otherwise hit a phase conductor strikes the earth wire instead and is conducted to ground through the towers, so the conductors lie within its zone of protection.
Switching surges arise inside the system when breakers operate and are controlled by the breakers' design and by surge arresters. Corona depends on the conductor's size and surface field and is reduced by larger or bundled conductors, not by an earth wire. 'Ensure fault voltages' does not describe a protective function.
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