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The mean value of \( f(x) = x^{2} \) over \( [0, 3] \) is

  • A.\( 4.5 \)
  • B.\( 1 \)
  • C.\( 3 \)
  • D.\( 9 \)

Answer: C

Divide the integral by the length of the interval:

\[ \bar{f} \;=\; \frac{1}{3}\int_{0}^{3} x^{2}dx \;=\; \frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{x^{3}}{3}\right]_{0}^{3} \;=\; \frac{1}{3}(9) \;=\; 3. \]

The mean exceeds the midpoint value \( f(1.5) = 2.25 \), as it must for a convex function, and falls well below the maximum of nine at the right-hand end

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