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When does a goal based agent become inadequate?

  • A.When goals conflict or outcomes are uncertain and must be traded off
  • B.When the environment contains more states than can be enumerated
  • C.When the agent must act before it has finished searching
  • D.When the agent's sensors are noisy and its percepts unreliable

Answer: A

A binary goal cannot express that arriving quickly is worth some risk, or that one acceptable outcome is much better than another, so a utility function is needed. Large state spaces, time pressure and sensor noise are handled within either architecture by other means. Recognising that the inadequacy lies in what can be expressed, rather than in what can be computed, identifies which addition is actually required.

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