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What triggered the first artificial intelligence winter?

  • A.A legal ruling that prevented commercial exploitation of the results
  • B.The retirement of the founders of the field from active research
  • C.Critical reports concluding that progress had not matched claims
  • D.The invention of the microprocessor, which made research too cheap

Answer: C

Reports such as Lighthill's in the United Kingdom concluded that the field had failed to deliver on its promises, particularly on the combinatorial explosion in real problems, and funding was withdrawn. The other options describe events that either did not occur or had no such effect. External assessment of a field against the claims it made for itself is a hazard of promising more than can be delivered, and the pattern repeated a decade later with expert systems.

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