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What is a stochastic environment?

  • A.One that changes only when the agent takes an action in it
  • B.One containing several other agents whose actions cannot be predicted
  • C.One in which an action's outcome is not determined by the state alone
  • D.One in which the agent cannot observe the state completely

Answer: C

In a stochastic environment the same action in the same state can lead to different outcomes, so the agent must reason about probabilities rather than certainties. Partial observability, static behaviour and multi-agent settings are separate dimensions, though the last is often modelled as stochastic when the other agents cannot be predicted. Identifying which dimension a difficulty belongs to determines whether probability, memory or game theory is the appropriate tool.

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