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What is the symbolic approach to artificial intelligence?

  • A.Representing knowledge explicitly and reasoning over those symbols
  • B.Training networks of simple units on large collections of examples
  • C.Evolving programs by selection and mutation over many generations
  • D.Estimating probabilities from data and applying Bayes' theorem

Answer: A

The symbolic tradition represents facts and rules explicitly and derives conclusions by manipulating them, which makes the reasoning inspectable and the knowledge editable. Its weakness is brittleness and the difficulty of capturing knowledge. Connectionist, evolutionary and probabilistic approaches are the main alternatives. The division between explicit and learned representation is the deepest methodological split in the field and it recurs in every subfield.

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