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What is default logic?

  • A.A logic that reasons only about typical rather than actual cases
  • B.A logic with rules applied unless a contradiction results
  • C.A logic in which every predicate has a default truth value
  • D.A logic whose axioms are chosen by default from a library

Answer: B

Default logic adds rules of the form: if this holds and it is consistent to assume that, then conclude that, which lets birds fly by default while permitting exceptions. Multiple defaults may conflict, giving several extensions and requiring a choice. Truth values, axiom libraries and typicality restriction are different notions. A rule whose applicability depends on what cannot be proved, rather than on what can, is what makes such logics computationally awkward and expressively necessary.

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