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What is an ontology in this context?

  • A.A database of instances belonging to known categories
  • B.A dictionary defining all the terms used in a knowledge base
  • C.A formal specification of the categories and relations of a domain
  • D.A philosophical theory about what kinds of thing exist

Answer: C

An engineering ontology fixes the categories, the relations between them and the constraints they obey, so that several systems can exchange knowledge with a shared understanding. It borrows its name from the philosophical enquiry but is a practical artefact. Instance data populate it, and a dictionary lacks the formal structure. That interchange between systems requires agreement about categories, not merely about syntax, is what motivates the whole enterprise.

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