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What is an upper ontology?

  • A.The topmost concept in a particular domain's hierarchy
  • B.An ontology describing the software upper layers of a large system
  • C.The most recently revised version of a shared ontology
  • D.A very general framework of categories applicable to any domain

Answer: D

An upper ontology fixes the most general distinctions, such as between objects and processes or between abstract and physical things, so that domain ontologies can be built beneath it consistently. Agreement at that level has proved contentious. Single top concepts, software layers and version currency are different notions. Whether general agreement about the highest categories is achievable at all is a genuine open question that has limited the interoperability the field hoped for.

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