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What is the closed world assumption?

  • A.The knowledge base contains everything relevant to the domain
  • B.No new facts may be added once reasoning has begun
  • C.The domain contains only the objects explicitly named
  • D.Anything not stated to be true is taken to be false

Answer: D

Under the closed world assumption the absence of a fact licenses its negation, which is exactly what a database query does when it reports no matching record. It suits domains where the information is genuinely complete. The domain closure assumption, that only named objects exist, is a separate assumption often adopted alongside it. Knowing which assumption a system makes determines what its silence means, which is not always obvious from its output.

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