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What is the difference between membership and subclass?

  • A.Membership applies to physical objects and subclass to the abstract ones
  • B.Membership is transitive whereas subclass is not
  • C.Membership relates an individual to a category, subclass two categories
  • D.Membership is asserted while subclass is always inferred

Answer: C

Fido is a member of the category of dogs, and dogs are a subclass of mammals, and confusing the two produces the classic error of treating a class as an individual. Subclass is transitive and membership is not: Fido is not a member of mammals by transitivity but by the combination of the two relations. Assertion, physicality and transitivity are misstated in the other options. Two relations that look similar and behave differently deserve careful separation in any formalism.

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