Discussion
Which of the following is a correctly matched pair?
Answer: A
The correct pair is Punishment and Obedience orientation - Avoidance of bad consequences.
At Kohlberg's first stage (preconventional level), a child judges an action right or wrong by whether it is punished, so moral behaviour is driven by avoiding bad consequences.
The other pairs are mismatched. The good boy-good girl orientation (stage 3) is about winning approval and being seen as nice; the greatest good for the greatest number belongs to the social contract orientation (stage 5). The law and order orientation (stage 4) is about obeying laws and doing one's duty; upholding universal principles of justice is stage 6. Considering others' perceptions fits stage 3, not the social contract stage.
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