Discussion
At which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development do individuals believe that actively maintaining the current social system ensures positive human relationships and societal order ?
Answer: B
The belief described matches the social-order maintaining orientation.
This is Kohlberg's stage 4, in the conventional level. People at this stage judge right and wrong by whether an act upholds laws, duties and the social system, because they believe maintaining that order keeps society and relationships stable.
The other stages differ. The punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1) judges actions only by whether they are punished. The instrumental purpose orientation (stage 2) is about fair exchange and self-interest ('you help me, I help you'). The universal ethical principle orientation (stage 6) follows self-chosen principles of justice even against the law, rather than maintaining the existing system.
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