Discussion
Read the following description and identify the stage of moral reasoning of Kohlberg.
Description : Right action is defined by self-chosen ethical principles of conscience that are valid for all humanity, regardless of law and social agreement.
Answer: D
The description is Kohlberg's universal ethical principle orientation, stage 6.
At the post-conventional level, Kohlberg's highest stage holds that right action is defined by self-chosen ethical principles such as justice, equality and respect for human dignity, which the person regards as valid for all humanity. Where a law conflicts with these principles, the person follows the principle.
The instrumental purpose orientation (stage 2) judges right action by what serves one's own interests in a fair exchange. The social-order maintaining orientation (stage 4) obeys laws to keep society functioning. The social-contract orientation (stage 5) sees laws as agreements that can be changed for the common good, but still grounds morality in social agreement, which the description explicitly sets aside.
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