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A fricative sound is produced with :

  • A.a stricture of open approximation
  • B.a flap
  • C.nasal passage open
  • D.a stricture of close approximation

Answer: D

A fricative is produced with a stricture of close approximation.

For a fricative the articulators come close together without closing completely, so the air is forced through a narrow gap and produces audible friction: /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /th/ and so on. This is the standard description in phonetics textbooks such as Roach's.

Open approximation leaves a wide gap with no friction, as for vowels and approximants. A flap is a single quick tap of the tongue. An open nasal passage gives nasal sounds such as /m/ and /n/. Only close approximation describes a fricative.

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