Discussion
Match the following List - I with List - II in correct order :
| List - I | List - II |
|---|---|
| a. Classical conditioning | i. Kohler |
| b. Drive reduction | ii. Hull |
| c. Sign Gestalt learning | iii. Pavlov |
| d. Learning by insight | iv. Skinner |
| v. Tolman |
Answer: B
Classical conditioning goes with Pavlov (iii), drive reduction with Hull (ii), sign-Gestalt learning with Tolman (v), and learning by insight with Kohler (i), which gives iii, ii, v, i. Skinner is for operant conditioning and so is not matched in the list. Option A pairs classical conditioning with Skinner, and C and D put Kohler against sign learning, which is wrong. The list is checked pair by pair: Pavlov studied conditioned reflexes in dogs, Hull gave a drive-reduction theory of reinforcement, Tolman's sign-Gestalt or sign learning means learning cognitive maps and expectancies, and Kohler's experiments with apes gave learning by insight.
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