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The complement of a regular language is

  • A.never regular at all, since complementation is not a regular operation
  • B.regular only when the original language is finite in size
  • C.regular only for languages over a single letter alphabet
  • D.always regular, obtained by swapping accepting and non-accepting states

Answer: D

Correct answer: always regular, obtained by swapping accepting and non-accepting states

Take a complete deterministic automaton for the language and exchange its accepting and non-accepting states: the resulting machine accepts exactly the strings the original rejected. The construction requires the automaton to be deterministic and complete, with a transition defined for every state and character, which is why a dead state is added first if one is missing.

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