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Liquefaction of a soil is the

  • A.loss of shear strength as pore pressure rises under cyclic loading
  • B.gradual consolidation of a clay layer under the sustained weight of a building above it
  • C.chemical alteration of the soil minerals by groundwater over a long period of time
  • D.increase in shear strength that accompanies the compaction of a granular deposit

Answer: A

Cyclic shearing makes a loose saturated sand try to contract, and because the water cannot escape quickly the pore pressure rises instead. Effective stress falls towards zero and with it the frictional strength on which the soil depends.

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