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The effective stress in a saturated soil is

  • A.the total stress alone
  • B.the total stress less the pore water pressure
  • C.the total stress added to the pore water pressure acting at the same point in the soil
  • D.the pore water pressure alone

Answer: B

Terzaghi's relation \( \sigma' = \sigma - u \) is the whole of the explanation: the soil skeleton carries only what the water does not. Raising \( u \) towards \( \sigma \) therefore drives \( \sigma' \) and the strength to zero.

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