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Relative density of a sand affects its liquefaction susceptibility because a dense sand

  • A.dilates rather than contracts when sheared
  • B.contains a larger volume of water within its pores than a loose sand of the same soil
  • C.has a much lower permeability than the same sand in a loose condition
  • D.is always found above the water table rather than below it

Answer: A

Dilation generates negative pore pressure that increases effective stress and strength, which is the opposite of what happens in a loose deposit. Densification is therefore the most direct of all the mitigation measures.

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