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Sand boils observed after an earthquake are evidence of

  • A.liquefaction at depth beneath the site
  • B.the settlement of a clay layer under the sustained weight of the buildings above it
  • C.chemical weathering of the soil minerals over a long period before the shaking
  • D.the compaction of a gravel layer by the passage of the seismic waves

Answer: A

Water under excess pressure escapes upwards through cracks, carrying sand with it and depositing it in small cones at the surface. Mapping the boils after an event is one of the ways liquefaction susceptibility maps are compiled.

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