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Ground settlement after liquefaction occurs because

  • A.the soil particles themselves are crushed by the passage of the seismic waves
  • B.the water table rises permanently after the earthquake has finished
  • C.the soil reconsolidates into a denser state as the pressure dissipates
  • D.the water that escaped during the shaking is replaced by air within the pores

Answer: C

Correct answer: the soil reconsolidates into a denser state as the pressure dissipates

During liquefaction the grains are momentarily suspended and lose contact; as the excess pressure drains away they settle into a closer packing than before. The volume of water expelled is the volume of settlement, which is why sand boils at the surface and subsidence go together.

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