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Which equation is correct for a digital gate with symbols carrying usual meaning ?

  • A.\(V_{NL} = V_{1L(Max)} + V_{0L(Max)}\)
  • B.\(V_{NH} = V_{0H(Min)} + V_{1H(Min)}\)
  • C.\(V_{NL} = V_{0H(Min)} - V_{1H(Min)}\)
  • D.\(V_{NH} = V_{0H(Min)} - V_{1H(Min)}\)

Answer: D

The correct equation is \(V_{NH} = V_{0H(Min)} - V_{1H(Min)}\), where the paper prints 0 and 1 for the O (output) and I (input) of \(V_{OH}\) and \(V_{IH}\).

The high-level noise margin is the gap between the lowest guaranteed high output of one gate and the lowest input the next gate still reads as high. Similarly the low-level margin is \(V_{NL} = V_{IL(Max)} - V_{OL(Max)}\).

Options A and B add the levels instead of subtracting them, and option C mixes the high-level output with the low-level margin. For standard TTL, for example, \(V_{OH(Min)} = 2.4\) V and \(V_{IH(Min)} = 2.0\) V give a high noise margin of 0.4 V.

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