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Consider two well-formed formulas in propositional logic

F1 : P → ˥P     F2 : (P → ˥P) v (˥P → P)

Which of the following statement is correct?

  • A.F1 is satisfiable, F2 is unsatisfiable
  • B.F1 is unsatisfiable, F2 is satisfiable
  • C.F1 is satisfiable, F2 is valid
  • D.F1 is valid, F2 is unsatisfiable

Answer: C

Correct answer: F1 is satisfiable, F2 is valid

F1 is \( P \to \lnot P \), which reduces to \( \lnot P \); that is true when P is false, so F1 is satisfiable though not valid. F2 is \( (P \to \lnot P) \lor (\lnot P \to P) \), which reduces to \( \lnot P \lor P \) and is therefore true in every case, so F2 is valid.

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