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Which of the following is FALSE?
Read ^ as And, v as OR, ~as NOT, →as one way implication and ↔ as two way implication?

  • A.((x → y)^ x) →y
  • B.((~x →y)^ ( ~x ^ ~y))→y
  • C.(x → ( x v y))
  • D.((x v y) ↔( ~x v ~y))

Answer: D

Correct answer: ((x v y) ↔( ~x v ~y))

This fails whenever x and y have the same truth value: with both true, the left side is true and the right false, so the biconditional is false. The other three are valid - modus ponens, an implication with a self-contradictory antecedent, and the addition law - and a valid formula cannot be the false one.

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