Discussion
The information contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins that are necessary for the functioning of life. DNA is composed of four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). The information contained in DNA can then be thought of as a sequence of these four nucleotides: A, T, C, and G. DNA has coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions-where the sequence of these nucleotides are read in groups of three to produce individual amino acids-constitute only about 2% of human DNA. For example, the triplet of nucleotides CCG codes for the amino acid glycine, while the triplet GGA codes for the amino acid proline. Multiple amino acids are then assembled to form a protein.
Based only on the information provided above, which of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty?
(i) The majority of human DNA has no role in the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) The function of about 98% of human DNA is not understood.
Answer: D
The answer is neither (i) nor (ii).
The passage says only that coding regions, which are read in triplets to make amino acids, are about 2% of human DNA. It does not say what the other 98% does. Non-coding DNA could still take part in protein synthesis in other ways, for example by regulating which genes are expressed, so (i), that the majority has no role in protein synthesis, does not follow.
Statement (ii) is about the state of scientific understanding, which the passage never discusses. Being non-coding is not the same as having an unknown function. So neither can be inferred with certainty from the passage alone, which rules out 'only (i)', 'only (ii)' and 'both'.
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