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In the source language, a single pronoun may stand for many things that require distinct pronouns in the target language. This difficulty in Natural language understanding encountered by machine translation systems is known as :

  • A.Lexical disambiguation
  • B.Grammatical ambiguity
  • C.Anaphoric references
  • D.Idioms

Answer: C

The difficulty is called Anaphoric references.

An anaphor is an expression, typically a pronoun, that refers back to something mentioned earlier. To translate 'it' or 'they' correctly, a machine translation system must work out what the pronoun refers to, because the target language may need a different pronoun for each possible referent (for example by gender or number).

Lexical disambiguation is choosing the right sense of a word, grammatical ambiguity concerns sentence structure, and idioms are fixed phrases whose meaning is not literal.

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