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Which one of the following minerals melts incongruently ?

  • A.Forsterite
  • B.Pyrite
  • C.Anorthite
  • D.Quartz

Answer: B

Of these, pyrite melts incongruently.

A mineral melts incongruently when, on heating, it breaks down into a liquid and a different solid instead of a liquid of its own composition. Pyrite, FeS2, does not melt as such: at about 743°C it breaks down to pyrrhotite and a sulphur-rich liquid.

Forsterite, anorthite and quartz melt congruently at atmospheric pressure, each to a liquid of its own composition (at about 1890°C, 1553°C and 1713°C respectively). The textbook example of a silicate melting incongruently, enstatite (to forsterite plus liquid), is not among the options.

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