Discussion
According to Hund's rule, the value of total angular momentum J is S when :
Answer: C
J equals S when the shell is just half full.
By Hund's rules, electrons first occupy separate orbitals with parallel spins. In a half-filled shell every \( m_{l} \) value is used exactly once, so \( L = \sum m_{l} = 0 \) and \( J = |L \pm S| = S \). Half-filled ions such as Mn2+ (3d5, \( ^{6}S_{5/2} \)) show this.
For a shell less than half full the third rule gives \( J = |L - S| \), for more than half full \( J = L + S \), and for a completely full shell \( L = S = J = 0 \).
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