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Historically, oxygen was prepared by the decomposition of metal oxides. The correct set of oxides that give dioxygen on heating is :

  • A.HgO, CaO, BaO
  • B.\(\mathrm{KO}_{2}\), \(\mathrm{BaO}_{2}\), \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)
  • C.\(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{O}\), CaO, BaO
  • D.HgO, \(\mathrm{KO}_{2}\), \(\mathrm{BaO}_{2}\)

Answer: D

The set is HgO, KO2, BaO2.

Mercury(II) oxide decomposes on heating to mercury and oxygen (2HgO → 2Hg + O2), the route by which Priestley first obtained oxygen. Barium peroxide gives up oxygen when heated strongly (2BaO2 → 2BaO + O2), the basis of the old Brin process. Potassium superoxide also releases O2 on heating, decomposing to K2O2 or K2O and oxygen.

The other sets contain normal oxides of reactive metals, CaO, BaO and Na2O, which are thermally very stable and do not release oxygen on heating, so every set containing one of them is wrong.

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