Discussion
Which concurrency control protocol uses timestamp ordering ?
Answer: B
The protocol is the timestamp-based protocol.
The timestamp-ordering protocol gives each transaction a unique timestamp when it starts and keeps a read and a write timestamp on each data item. A conflicting operation that would break timestamp order is rejected and its transaction rolled back, so the schedule is equivalent to running transactions in timestamp order.
Two-phase locking orders transactions by locks, not timestamps. Validation-based (optimistic) control does use timestamps, but to check at commit time rather than to order operations. Snapshot isolation reads from a consistent snapshot. Neither is the timestamp-ordering protocol.
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