Discussion
Assertion (A): A railway on a map runs along a valley and through a tunnel rather than over the ridge.
Reason (R): Rail vehicles can tolerate only very gentle gradients.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason gives the mechanism. Steel wheels on steel rails have little adhesion, so a railway is limited to gradients of around one in a hundred where a road manages one in ten. It therefore follows valleys, and where it must cross a ridge it tunnels or takes a long detour rather than climbing.
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