Discussion
......................... is one of the additional factor hindering new proudcer development, which suggest companies must aim their new products at smaller market segments and this can mean lower sales and profits for each product.
Answer: C
The factor is fragmented markets (printed 'Fragmental markets').
Kotler lists the factors that hinder new product development: a shortage of important new ideas in certain areas, fragmented markets, social and governmental constraints, the cost of development, capital shortages, faster development time and shorter product life cycles.
Only fragmentation matches the stem: when markets split into smaller segments, new products must target smaller groups, which means lower sales and profit per product. The other three options are separate hindrances on the same list.
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