Discussion
What makes chemical ionisation a softer technique?
Answer: B
Electrons ionise a reagent gas such as methane, and the resulting ions transfer a proton to the sample with far less excess energy than a direct electron impact delivers. The electron energy is unchanged, cooling is not involved, and the source is still under vacuum. Interposing an intermediate that moderates the energy transfer is the general idea, and it typically leaves a strong protonated molecular ion with little fragmentation. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.
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