Discussion
Why does a hydrocarbon have a larger mass defect than an oxygen-rich compound?
Answer: D
Each hydrogen adds 0.00783 above its nominal value, so a molecule with many of them sits well above the integer, while oxygen at 15.9949 pulls the other way. Carbon is exactly twelve by definition, and oxygen's defect is negative rather than absent. Reading the decimal part of a high-resolution mass as evidence about composition is a shortcut that narrows candidate formulae before any calculation is done. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.
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