Discussion
Assertion (A): Percentage excess is always quoted with respect to the limiting reactant.
Reason (R): The excess is the amount supplied above that needed to consume the limiting reactant completely.
Answer: C
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason is the definition. The theoretical requirement is whatever is needed to consume the limiting reactant entirely, and the excess is what is supplied beyond that, expressed as a fraction of the requirement. Quoting an excess against anything else would be meaningless, since the requirement is what defines the reference point.
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