Discussion
Air must exceed a saltation velocity of \( 14 \) m/s in a duct of \( 0.20 \) m diameter. The minimum air flow is
Answer: C
Correct answer: 0.44 m\(^3\)/s
Multiply the duct area by the required velocity:
\[ A = \frac{\pi d^2}{4} = \frac{\pi (0.20)^2}{4} = 0.0314\ \mathrm{m^2} \]
\[ Q = 0.0314 \times 14 = 0.44\ \mathrm{m^3/s} \]
The saltation velocity is the floor below which particles drop out of suspension and settle along the pipe, eventually blocking it. Design velocity is set with a margin above it, since a system that saltates on start-up or on a surge in feed rate may never recover.
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