Discussion

Match the material property in Column I with the measurement technique in Column II.

Column I		Column II
P	Electrical conductivity	1	UV-Vis spectroscopy
Q	Band gap energy	2	4-Probe method
R	Young’s modulus	3	Differential scanning calorimetry
S	Heat of fusion	4	Acoustic measurement

Answer: A

The correct matching is P → 2; Q → 1; R → 4; S → 3.

Electrical conductivity is measured by the four-probe method, which passes current through the outer probes and measures voltage across the inner ones, removing contact resistance (2).
Band gap energy comes from UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy: the absorption edge, often analysed with a Tauc plot, gives E_g (1).
Young's modulus can be found acoustically, from the speed of sound in the material (for a thin rod, \(v = \sqrt{E/\rho}\)) or from resonance frequencies (4).
Heat of fusion is the area of the melting peak in differential scanning calorimetry (3).

The other options pair conductivity with spectroscopy or band gap with calorimetry, which do not measure those properties.

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