Discussion
Microstrain can be measured by X-ray diffraction using peak
Answer: D
Microstrain is measured from the peak Position and broadening.
Non-uniform microstrain spreads the lattice spacings around their mean, which broadens each diffraction peak. Strain broadening grows with angle as \(\beta_{\varepsilon} = 4\varepsilon\tan\theta\), while size broadening varies as \(1/\cos\theta\). Separating the two, as in a Williamson-Hall plot of \(\beta\cos\theta\) against \(\sin\theta\), needs both the breadth of each peak and its position \(\theta\).
Peak area and intensity relate to the amount of a phase and its structure factor, not to strain, so the options built on them are wrong.
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