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A matrix satisfying the relation that its square equals itself is described as

  • A.idempotent
  • B.nilpotent
  • C.involutory
  • D.orthogonal

Answer: A

Projection matrices are the standard examples, since projecting twice achieves no more than projecting once. The eigenvalues of such a matrix can only be zero or one, which follows directly from the defining relation applied to an eigenvector.

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