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A random error in a measurement

  • A.scatters the readings about a mean value
  • B.shifts every reading in the same direction by the same amount
  • C.arises only from mistakes made in reading the scale
  • D.can be eliminated entirely by calibrating the instrument

Answer: A

Correct answer: scatters the readings about a mean value

Random errors arise from many small unpredictable influences and are as likely to be positive as negative, so the readings scatter symmetrically about a mean. This is precisely what makes them tractable: averaging converges on the mean, and the spread can be characterised by a standard deviation. A systematic error does neither.

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